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The Battle of Przemyśl - a struggle for the control over the city of Przemyśl in former Austro-Hungarian Galicia and local river crossings on the San river, between Ukrainian and Polish militias and regular troops, from 2 to 12 November 1918, during the Polish-Ukrainian War. ==Background== In 1918 the city of Przemyśl () formed a part of the Austrian province ''Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria'' and was its third biggest city after Krakow and Lviv ((ポーランド語:Lwów), (ドイツ語:Lemberg)). It was also the biggest Austro-Hungarian fortress north of the Carpathians (and the site of a 1914-1915 famous siege in World War I), and contained key road and railway crossings on the San River, linking Krakow and Lviv. The San River also marked the border between the eastern and western parts of the province; the western part was overwhelmingly Polish while the eastern part was ethnically more mixed. Ukrainians dominated the rural areas, while ethnic Poles were a majority in the cities, which also continued a substantial Jewish minority. At the turn of the 20th century Poles constituted 78.7% of the population of western Galicia, Ukrainians 13.2%, Jews 7.6%, Germans 0.3% and others 0.2%. The population data for eastern Galicia was Ukrainians 64.5%, Poles 21.0%, Jews 13.7%, Germans 0.3% and others 0.5%.〔Piotr Eberhardt. ''Ethnic groups and population changes in twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: history, data, analysis''. M.E. Sharpe, 2003. pp.92-93. ISBN 0-7656-0665-8, ISBN 978-0-7656-0665-5〕 According to the Austro-Hungarian census of 1910, Przemyśl had 54,692 permanent inhabitants, of whom 47% were Roman Catholics, 30% Jews and 22% Greek Catholis. In the waning days of the Habsburg Empire, both Polish and Ukrainian populations were preparing to form their own separate states in the former Austrian territories. The mixed ethnic populations resulted in large parts of Galicia being perceived as ''Polish'' or ''Ukrainian'' simultaneously, which was the main reason for the coming conflict. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Przemyśl (1918)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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